Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is seeing an upsurge in infections across the United States, as tracked by the WastewaterSCAN network. This virus can potentially lead to acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a rare but severe condition resembling polio, characterized by limb weakness and paralysis, predominantly affecting children. Here's what you need to know about EV-D68, according to Dr. Leana Wen, a CNN wellness medical expert:

Prevalence and Detection

EV-D68 is one of over 100 non-polio enteroviruses. Many infections are asymptomatic or present mild cold-like symptoms, making individuals unaware of the infection. Wastewater testing serves as an early warning system for virus activity, especially for those who are asymptomatic.

Transmission and Susceptibility

EV-D68 spreads via respiratory droplets from sneezing or coughing, or by touching contaminated surfaces. Children are more prone due to close contact, poor hygiene practices, and lack of prior immunity. While adults can be infected, their symptoms tend to be milder.

Symptoms

Symptoms typically include runny nose, sneezing, fever, and cough. In some cases, it can cause severe breathing difficulties, fatigue, and body aches. It can rarely lead to brain and heart inflammation.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis

AFM, identified in 2014, presents with sudden limb weakness after a viral infection, sometimes requiring life-support measures. Treatment is supportive with no cure available. While most recover partially, many suffer long-term disabilities.

Risk Assessment

The likelihood of developing AFM from EV-D68 is low. Since 2014, there have been 758 confirmed cases in the US, with 13 confirmed cases this year as of September 3.

Preventive Measures

Regular handwashing with soap and water is crucial. Hand sanitizers can be used when water is not available. Avoid touching faces with unwashed hands, cover coughs and sneezes, and sanitize hands after touching common surfaces. Seek immediate medical care for symptoms like sudden limb weakness, slurred speech, facial droop, difficulty swallowing, or new neck, arm, and back pain.

Immunization

While there's no vaccine for EV-D68, keeping up with routine childhood immunizations is recommended to prevent other illnesses.