A recent study challenges previous beliefs by suggesting that there is no safe threshold for alcohol consumption in terms of dementia risk. The research, published in eClinicalMedicine, utilized genetic analysis-based statistical methods to establish a direct correlation between alcohol intake and the likelihood of developing dementia.

Contradicting past research that hinted at a potential protective effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption, this study detected no level at which alcohol did not elevate dementia risk. The term "abstainer bias," which refers to the inclusion of former drinkers who quit due to health issues in the non-drinking category, was highlighted as a factor that may have skewed previous results.

The study analyzed data from 313,958 white British participants from the UK Biobank, who were dementia-free at the outset and provided self-reported drinking habits and genetic information. The follow-up continued until 2021, recording any dementia diagnoses.

Neurologists not involved in the study explained that alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that can cause brain atrophy, negatively impacting memory and cognitive functions, especially in the hippocampus. Chronic alcohol use can also deplete thiamine, a B-vitamin vital for memory and cognition.

While alcohol's impact on dementia risk is significant, experts note that it is just one of many factors, with age, cardiometabolic disease, smoking, education, and socioeconomic status also playing substantial roles. However, addressing alcohol consumption remains a crucial preventive measure for those at risk of dementia.